What is the effect of mandelic acid in skin treatment?

Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is known for its gentle exfoliating properties and is particularly effective in addressing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. After acne lesions heal, they can leave behind dark spots due to increased melanin production, and mandelic acid helps in the gradual shedding of dead skin cells and promotes the even tone of the complexion. Its ability to penetrate the skin and stimulate cell turnover makes it a valuable ingredient in the treatment of pigmentation disorders without causing significant irritation, making it suitable for various skin types, including sensitive skin.

The other options reflect different effects that mandelic acid does not convey. For instance, while mandelic acid contributes to acne prevention through its exfoliating properties, it is not its primary function. Additionally, mandelic acid does not increase oil production; rather, it can help regulate it by preventing clogged pores. Lastly, mandelic acid tends to be less irritating than other acids, thus making it less likely to enhance skin sensitivity, particularly when compared to stronger AHAs or BHAs.